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تاريخ التسجيل : 16/10/2010 | |
موضوع: tut_ankh_amun الثلاثاء أبريل 05, 2011 8:32 pm |
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Death Mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun When Howard Carter and Lord Caernarfon opened up the Tomb of Tutankhamun, they opened up the beginnings of a mystery that is still not 100% resolved today. But scientists have at least identified the cause of the Curse of Tutankhamun's deaths. Bacteria growing on the bodies of the mummies, when touched, were extremely poisonous, and caused the deaths of recipients with pneumonia like symptoms. This bacteria, when heated, reactivated and began to multiply again after 3000 odd years entombed. This bacteria was also coating the objects inside the tomb. The big question is - Did the Egyptians, who had a massive knowledge of plants that could heal and plants that could kill, deliberately coat the artefacts, knowing it would activate in the future? Hence the reason for the Curse Warnings. Or are these curse warnings lost in translation - are they really Biological Warning Notices? Well, stranger things happen! In Poland a Kings grave was opened up by 14 scientists. It had been sealed for 500 years. Inside they found a sword, sceptre and a crown. These they handled without protective clothing, as well as touching the mummy. Pope John, then Cardinal, resealed the tomb. Soon 12 of the 14 scientists were dead. Stories of a curse rebounded around Poland. The "truth" was exactly the same as in Egypt - the same bacteria was found on the body of the dead King. Tutankhamun's body had started decomposition BEFORE mummification. During investigations into the finding of a complete mummy in Egypt, scientists found exactly the same bacteria on the body, concentrated around the ears. These scientists wore masks and gloves and nothing happened to any of them! What this does not explain are the "coincidences" surrounding the death of Lord Caernarfon in Cairo. At the same time of his death, all the lights of Cairo went out. Not unusual you may say - but consider this, Cairo is split into four electrical districts, N S E and W. None of which are connected in any way, or where not at the time. But all 4 districts were shorted out at exactly the same instant! Also, back home in England, on Lord Caernarfon's estate, the family dog, at precisely the same time, sat up, howled into the night air, frothed at the mouth, and fell over completely dead! Bacteria or not, still it makes you wonder.................. Tutankhamun lived over 3,300 years ago during the period known as the New Kingdom. For two centuries, Egypt had ruled as a world superpower, while its Royal family lived the opulent lifestyle. The powerful priesthood of the god Amun had controlled vast temples and estates. All that changed during the reign of Amenhotep IV when he renounced the multitude of gods worshipped by the Egyptians and abolished the priesthood of Amun. Amenhotep established a new order to worship the sun god Aten and changed his own name to Akhenaten, meaning "servant of the Aten." A new capital was established well to the north of Thebes (modern Luxor) the home of the main temples of Amun. His new city was named Akhetaten, meaning "Horizon of the Aten." It was here that Akhenaten (left) ruled with his chief wife, Nefertiti, who bore him six daughters, but no son to carry on as Pharaoh. It is now believed that Akhenaten and a lesser wife named Kiya were the parents of Tutankhaten, as Tutankhamun was known at first. He would have spent most of his early years in the palaces of Akhetaten, being tutored in many skills, including reading and writing. Much is uncertain about this period and, in time, both Nefertiti's and Kiya's names ceased to appear in written records. A shadowy figure emerged by the name of Smenkhkare - he may have been a brother of the king and briefly ruled alongside him. In any case, soon after the deaths of Akhenaten and Smenkhkare, Tutankhaten became a Boy King at the age of about nine. He married a slightly older Ankhesenpaaten (below), one of the daughters of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. April 4 2003. A TV Discovery Documentary saw two former FBI agents, now senior policemen, investigate the death of Tutankhamun quite thoroughly with forensic and x-ray evidence. Their conclusion: Tutankhamun was murdered by a scheming double dealing Prime Minister called Ay, who married and quite possibly murdered Tutankhamun's widow in order to further his own lust for power. Tutankhamun was coming of age and this worried Ay, who had been ruling in the boy's name for the past 10 years. Ay ruled only 4 years to be replaced by Tutankhamen's General, Horemheb. Of Queen Ankhsenamun - no trace has been found. Another theory is mentioned at the base of the text. Soon their names were changed to Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun to reflect the return to favour of the Amun hierarchy and the ousting of the Aten power base. The temples of Amun were restored. At such a young age, Tutankhamun would not have been responsible for the real decision making. This would have been handled by two high officials called Ay (possibly the father of Nefertiti) and Horemheb, commander-in-chief of the army. Sometime around the ninth year of Tutankhamun's reign, possibly 1325 B.C., he died. There is evidence of an injury to the skull that had time to partly heal. He may have suffered an accident, such as falling from his horse-drawn chariot, or perhaps he was murdered. No one knows. Ay oversaw Tutankhamun's burial arrangements which lasted 70 days. Meanwhile, Ankhesenamun was left in a dilemma - there was no heir to the throne. (Two stillborn female foetuses were found in the tomb). In desperation she wrote to Suppiluliumas I, king of the Hittites, asking him to send one of his sons to marry her and become Pharaoh. Being an enemy of Egypt, the Hittite king suspected a trick and sent an envoy to check. The widow's situation was confirmed and he then sent a son who was murdered at the border - probably by agents sent by General Horemheb. The ageing Ay became Pharaoh and took Ankhesenamun as his queen to legitimise his rule. What happened to her after that is not known. Ay ruled for only four years and after his death Horemheb grabbed power. He soon obliterated evidence of the reigns of Akhenaten, Tutankhamun and Ay and substituted his own name on many monuments. The name "Tutankhamun" is derived from the hieroglyphs which translate as Tut-ankh-amun meaning the "Living Image of Amun." Today, many people refer to him as Tut. When Tut was born, he was given the name Tutankhaten meaning the "Living Image of the Aten" the Aten was the single god worshipped during the rule Akhenaten, the heretic king who is believed to have been the father of Tutankhamun. Not long after Tutankhaten became Pharaoh, there was a restoration of the previously deposed state god Amun and Tut's name was changed to Tutankhamun. These days, Tut's name is found with differing spellings, including Tutankhamun, Tutankhamen and Tutankhamon. In reality, we cannot be sure how the ancient Egyptians pronounced the name as they did not write vowels. (Some hieroglyphs are transliterated as vowels, since they are weak consonants). Egyptologists add vowels to assist in communicating information. The most famous Egyptian pharaoh today is, without doubt, Tutankhamun. The boy king died in his late teens and remained at rest in Egypt's Valley of the Kings for over 3,300 years. All that changed in November 1922, when Tutankhamun's tomb was discovered by the British Egyptologist Howard Carter who was excavating on behalf of his patron Lord Caernarfon. His tomb almost escaped discovery and could have been undiscovered to this day.
Carter had been searching for the tomb for a number of years and Caernarfon had decided that enough time and money had been expended with little return. However, Carter managed to persuade his patron to fund one more season and within days of resuming the tomb was found. Today, the tomb still contains the pharaoh's remains, hidden from view inside the outermost of three coffins. He is the only pharaoh still residing in the Valley of the Kings - as far as we know! The tomb itself is very small and appears to have been destined for someone of lesser importance. Tutankhamun's unexpected early demise saw the tomb's rushed modification to accommodate the pharaoh. The only part of the complex that contains wall paintings is the Burial Chamber. One of the scenes, shown below, depicts the Opening of the Mouth Ceremony where the senses are restored to the deceased Tutankhamun. In this case the person performing this duty is Ay, who became the next Pharaoh. It contained four gilded shrines nested one inside the other. The innermost of these covered a stone sarcophagus. Inside that were three coffins - the innermost being made of 110 kilograms of solid gold. Inside that lay the pharaoh himself wearing the famous gold mask. Adjacent to the Burial Chamber was the so-called Treasury which was home to much of the supporting equipment for Tutankhamun's afterlife. It contained a dazzling array of boats, gilded figures and the canopic chest within which were various internal organs belonging to the ancient king. Gathered around the chest in their protective stance were four beautiful gilded figures of goddesses. Just inside the entrance to the room was the protective black figure of Anubis in the form of a recumbent jackal. The Antechamber contained dismantled chariots, containers of food, various funeral couches, thrones, and two black guardian figures at the entrance of the Burial Chamber. It was this area that was first seen when Carter made a hole in the blocked-off far end of the entry passage. A small Annex was a jumble of other equipment. Carter concluded that the tomb had been broken into on two occasions soon after the pharaoh was buried. After each break-in the tomb was resealed by officials of the necropolis. Fortunately, the tomb robbers did not get away with too much and much of the material sealed in with Tutankhamun may now be viewed in Cairo's Egyptian Museum with a few items in the Luxor Museum. August 2002. Startling evidence has come to light about a possible cover up regarding artefacts found in the tomb. Howard Carter was never patient, frequently quick tempered. In the spring of 1924, 18 months after the discovery of the tomb. All work had been brought to a halt. Egyptian officialdom bombarded Carter to distraction with petty rules and restrictions. Open war was announced when they announced that they were laying claim in total to the priceless relics Carter had found. Strict limits were placed on the number of foreigners allowed to enter the tomb whilst, at the same time, hordes of local dignitaries flooded in and out of the tomb - without a care for the priceless and irreplaceable items strewn about them. Cater ordered his men, effectively, to strike! Permission to explore the site was revoked. Seething with anger Carter confronted officials at the British Consulate in Cairo. Heated words were exchanged - then Carter made an extraordinary threat - Unless he got what he wanted he would publish, for the whole world to read, a set of ancient papyrus documents he had found in the tomb. These gave the "true account of the Exodus of the Jews from Egypt"!! To modern ears the full implications may be unclear but, as we shall see, Carter was threatening truly explosive disclosures - ancient documents that would do nothing less than re-write the history of Judaism and Christianity. The British official realised what he was up to. This was at the same time as tensions were rising over plans to establish a Jewish homeland in the Middle East. What Carter was suggesting would throw the Middle East into turmoil. The official was so incensed he hurled an ink well at Carter, who ducked just in time! The inkwell exploded against the wall so much so that the room had to be redecorated! Carter suddenly found that he had vigorous support from the British in his fight to regain control. He was soon placed back in charge and continued his work for another 7 years. In return for this he never mentioned the documents again. History deemed that Carter's threat was an idle one - but it was no invention, and the secrets he may have stumbled upon completely overturn key elements of the Bible. The implications are enormous - forcing us to ask whether the person we call Moses was in fact a renegade Egyptian priest and whether Christianity has its roots begun by a religious revolution begun by a heretical pharaoh. The ****************************s of these papyrus documents are so ****************************ious that if they had been made public, may well have changed the course of the 20th Century completely. The missing papyri have been the subject of speculation ever since his tomb was opened. Lord Caernarfon mentioned their discovery in 2 letters to friends. A report in The Times also mentioned their existence. The author was extremely close to Carter having exclusive rights to the story unfolding. Carter cabled a distinguished philologist, Sir Alan Gardiner, asking for his help in translating the ****************************s. He expressed "particular interest" in the papyri and suggested that they may throw some light on religion in the times of the boy king. It is odd that, later, the official story changed and everyone began insisting that these documents never existed!! Carter alleged that the find was in fact "loin cloths" - the boy kings "underwear"!! And that poor light made for the misunderstanding. Amusing it may be but can we believe it? Too many people saw these documents for themselves before they "disappeared". And an astounding "blunder" for someone of Carter's standing. Lord Caernarfon himself states that, on their first entry into the room, it was fully illuminated by electric light. Someone is clearly lying through their teeth? Looking a little closer at this discovery, the official version has Carter uncovering a secret sunken staircase in the Valley of the Kings. Then penetrating a doorway sealed with the jackal emblem of Egyptian royalty, then clearing a rubble strewn corridor leading to another doorway. Making a small hole, he peers through this doorway to reveal strange animals, statues and gold, everywhere the glint of gold. With him were Lord Caernarfon and his daughter Lady Evelyn. They both take their turn to look and that is all they did. Requiring permission to remove the door and enter, then reseal the hole, the next day, November 27th 1922, to open in front of onlooking officials. This sounds all very right and correct but it is not what happened! Curiosity got the better of Carter and his associates - they entered the ante room on first discovery and THEN resealed the hole. To play act the "official opening" the next day. There is also undisputable evidence that this party breached the doorway of another ante room the same day and entered the Kings burial chamber. This was 3 months before the "official opening" of the burial chamber. He concealed the hole that he had made by erecting a wooden platform over the floor level hole he had crawled through. Who revealed all this? The Lady Evelyn to another member of her family. This was then recorded in his diary and gave a description of how Carter, in front of dignitaries, was "nervous, poor old fellow, like a naughty schoolboy, fearing that his hole would be discovered". He also had a copy made of the royal seal which covered the door, to replace the one removed upon his illicit entry. He passed off the fake as the work of grave robbers, repairs done by the ancient Egyptians themselves. Such evidence alone should make us wonder if Carter and Carnarfon pocketed a sizable amount themselves before resealing the doorway. This apparently DID happen. Treasures later revealed in their personal collections leave us in no doubt. The tomb WAS robbed, but very soon after sealing it up. Tutankhamun's Finance Minister had it repaired and he personally destroyed all records of the tomb's whereabouts which quite probably accounts for its undisturbed state for so long. I wonder if the priests of Amun had anything to do with the robbery? Outside the Palace, they were the richest people in the land. So what did the missing papyrus contain that made them so dangerous if revealed? Their apparent subject matter, The Exodus, is one of the most important stories of the bible. According to the bible, the Hebrews arrived in Egypt from Canaan. Their leader in Egypt was Joseph who had been sold into slavery by his brothers, only to become a power in the court due to his ability to interpret dreams. However, the Jews multiplied so swiftly the Egyptians saw them as a threat and forced them into slavery. All male children were ordered to be slain in order to keep their population down but one child escaped. His name was Moses, brought up as an Egyptian and became a mighty general in the Pharaoh's army before fleeing after murdering an Egyptian who had beaten up a Jew. For 40 years he lived in the wilderness where "god" appeared to him as a burning bush, charging him to lead the people out of Egypt "unto a land flowing with milk and honey". Moses demanded the release of his people on his return to Egypt and when this was refused, devastating plagues were brought down on the country until the Pharaoh relented, allowing them to leave. Thus - The Exodus. This is how it happened according to the bible. By the time that Carter threatened to reveal the documents, orthodox thinking was already beginning to question this version. Arthur Weigall, a leading Egyptologist, was an expert on Tuktankhamun's half brother and predecessor Akhenaten. He was one of those who questioned the biblical "Exodus". Akhenaten was the husband of the beautiful Queen Nefertiti. He was famous for having broken away from the traditional multi-god society that had been practised for about 2000 years and installed a single God - the "Aten" an all powerful force symbolised by the heat of the suns rays. This lasted only about 12 years before Tutankhamun gained the throne and the old order was gradually restored. Arthur Weigall uncovered remarkable similarities between Psalm 104 and an "ode" to Ra, composed by Akhenaten himself. In his opinion, Psalm 104 was a copy of the ode itself. Indeed, the ode was written before Moses allegedly wrote Psalm 104. He also argued that it was during the reign of Tutankhamun that the Exodus actually took place. 20 years later Sigmund Freud would express the same theory in two major papers. Evidence to back this also comes from the hebrew word for Lord - Adonai or Adon, becomes Aten, the name of the sun, when written in Egyptian. These were set out by Arthur Weigall in a book published a few months before Carter's declaration before the Consulate. Carter did read it, but the men were such bitter rivals that Carter may have paid no heed to these theories. But Carter was convinced that the exodus took place BEFORE the closure of the boy kings tomb, otherwise how could he claim that the documents revealed the true story of the Exodus. Weigall's theory also fits the likely facts about the collapse of Akhenaten's religious revolution. It is known that these priests and converts did not simply disappear when the boy king took the throne, they became social lepers and outcasts. This is relevant in that a story not unlike The Exodus, the ancient Egyptian Manetho, writing about 250BC, recorded how one pharaoh had expelled "lepers" and "impure people" from Egypt. These so called lepers included some of the learned priests; one of whom, Osarsiph, ordered the people not to follow the Egyptian gods and to follow their own laws instead. Later, according to Manetho, Osarsiph changed his name - to Moses. Rather than being anti semetic, Manetho was referring to these "lepers" as being - in the eyes of the opponent - holding with heretical beliefs. Other writers describe a king, in order to placate his people, expelling the "unclean" by being forced out of Egypt - led by an Egyptian! Evidence shows that, during the reign of Tutankhamun, northern Egypt was in the grip of a plague. It decimated the population and lasted about 20 - 30 years. It is quite plausible to see stories about the killing of Egypt's firstborn on the night of the Passover as having its roots in this plague. The people would naturally look for someone to blame, their former King being particularly handy. To cleanse the land of his pollution they swept the land of undesirables, along with any other suspicious looking foreigners and settlers. Having received a warning, these people would have took it upon themselves to leave forthwith. If this was the story as told in Carter's papyrus, it would have been easy to throw the Middle East into turmoil. In the 20s, the local politics were as tangled as they are today - with the rights of a Jewish homeland at the middle of the turmoil. Arab opinion was outraged, with riots in Jerusalem and Jaffa. The whole area was rife for bloody battle and a tinderbox. In these circumstances, Carter's threat to reveal the truth could hardly have been more inflammatory. The whole basis of the Zionist claim rested upon the story of the Exodus and opponents of the Zionist state would have jumped upon this and seized any hint that it was flawed. After all, if Moses and his followers were renegade Egyptians, together with this selection of outcast foreigners - what special claim could they possibly have to a "homeland" - Israel. Carter was in a position to cause the Zionists serious, possibly irrevocable, harm. No wonder the British wholeheartedly threw themselves behind Carter's claims to be reinstated at the site. What happened to the papyri? Did Carter destroy them or leave them hidden deep in some Cairo Museum? Are they lying in a draw, hidden beneath some relatively insignificant papyri? By the evidence of Lord Caernarfon's own letters, it is clearly apparent that he was privy to the existence of the papyri, was he also aware of their ****************************s. Some have blamed his untimely death on the Curse - but the truth may be even stranger? Now, in 2007, we have a glut of so called "conspiracy theories" on everything from Adam & Eve to the source of the bullet that killed X, Y or Z. I am not one of these people who delight in so called conspiracy theories, I just think that what we are told is not always the truth. Tutankhamun was killed, yes, posssibly by Ay. But an equally practical theory places Tutankhamun's death as the result of a chariot accident. We will never really KNOW, will we? Items are found in tombs that could throw modern beliefs into turmoil so are hidden away, either by Archaeologists who do not want their own beliefs questioned or by religious people who do not want the "good life" to be terminated.
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